### Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications (SIGMA)

SIGMA 18 (2022), 084, 13 pages      arXiv:2209.02620      https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2022.084

### Three Examples in the Dynamical Systems Theory

Mikhail B. Sevryuk
V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semënov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiǐ Prospect 38, Bld. 2, Moscow 119334, Russia

Received September 10, 2022, in final form October 18, 2022; Published online October 29, 2022

Abstract
We present three explicit curious simple examples in the theory of dynamical systems. The first one is an example of two analytic diffeomorphisms $R$, $S$ of a closed two-dimensional annulus that possess the intersection property but their composition $RS$ does not ($R$ being just the rotation by $\pi/2$). The second example is that of a non-Lagrangian $n$-torus $L_0$ in the cotangent bundle $T^\ast{\mathbb T}^n$ of ${\mathbb T}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) such that $L_0$ intersects neither its images under almost all the rotations of $T^\ast{\mathbb T}^n$ nor the zero section of $T^\ast{\mathbb T}^n$. The third example is that of two one-parameter families of analytic reversible autonomous ordinary differential equations of the form $\dot{x}=f(x,y)$, $\dot{y}=\mu g(x,y)$ in the closed upper half-plane $\{y\geq 0\}$ such that for each family, the corresponding phase portraits for $0$<$\mu$<$1$ and for $\mu$>$1$ are topologically non-equivalent. The first two examples are expounded within the general context of symplectic topology.

Key words: intersection property; non-Lagrangian tori; planar vector fields; topological non-equivalence.

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