SIGMA 22 (2026), 041, 11 pages      arXiv:2601.19875      https://doi.org/10.3842/SIGMA.2026.041

Mass, Staticity, and a Riemannian Penrose Inequality for Weighted Manifolds

Stephen McCormick
Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden

Received January 29, 2026 in final form April 23, 2026; Published online April 29, 2026

Abstract
In this note, we show that the weighted mass of Baldauf and Ozuch (2022) can be derived as a natural geometric mass invariant following Michel (2011), for a certain weighted curvature map. An associated weighted centre of mass definition is also derived from this. The adjoint of the linearisation of this curvature map leads to a notion of weighted static metrics, which are natural candidates for weighted mass minimisers. This weighted curvature quantity is essentially the scalar curvature of a conformally related metric that Law, Lopez and Santiago (2025) used to considerably simplify the proof of the weighted positive mass theorem. We show an equivalence between static metrics and weighted static metrics via the conformal relationship, from which we show that a uniqueness theorem holds for weighted static manifolds with weighted minimal surface boundaries. Furthermore, we show that weighted manifolds satisfy a Riemannian Penrose inequality whose equality case holds precisely for these unique weighted static metrics.

Key words: weighted manifolds; ADM mass; asymptotically flat manifolds; scalar curvature.

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