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<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>‘virt’ Generic Virtual Platform (virt) — QEMU qemu-kvm-6.2.0-53.module+el8.10.0+2055+8eb7870b.4 documentation</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../_static/qemu_32x32.png"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../search.html" /> <link rel="next" title="RX System emulator" href="../target-rx.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="SiFive HiFive Unleashed (sifive_u)" href="sifive_u.html" /> <script src="../../_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="wy-body-for-nav"> <div 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Hardware Specifications</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../devel/index.html">Developer Information</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> <nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="top navigation"> <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> <a href="../../index.html">QEMU</a> </nav> <div class="wy-nav-content"> <div class="rst-content"> <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="../../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> <li><a href="../index.html">System Emulation</a> »</li> <li><a href="../targets.html">QEMU System Emulator Targets</a> »</li> <li><a href="../target-riscv.html">RISC-V System emulator</a> »</li> <li>‘virt’ Generic Virtual Platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code>)</li> <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> <a href="https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/blob/master/docs/system/riscv/virt.rst" class="fa fa-gitlab"> Edit on GitLab</a> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> <div class="section" id="virt-generic-virtual-platform-virt"> <h1>‘virt’ Generic Virtual Platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code>)<a class="headerlink" href="#virt-generic-virtual-platform-virt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> board is a platform which does not correspond to any real hardware; it is designed for use in virtual machines. It is the recommended board type if you simply want to run a guest such as Linux and do not care about reproducing the idiosyncrasies and limitations of a particular bit of real-world hardware.</p> <div class="section" id="supported-devices"> <h2>Supported devices<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-devices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine supports the following devices:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>Up to 8 generic RV32GC/RV64GC cores, with optional extensions</li> <li>Core Local Interruptor (CLINT)</li> <li>Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)</li> <li>CFI parallel NOR flash memory</li> <li>1 NS16550 compatible UART</li> <li>1 Google Goldfish RTC</li> <li>1 SiFive Test device</li> <li>8 virtio-mmio transport devices</li> <li>1 generic PCIe host bridge</li> <li>The fw_cfg device that allows a guest to obtain data from QEMU</li> </ul> <p>Note that the default CPU is a generic RV32GC/RV64GC. Optional extensions can be enabled via command line parameters, e.g.: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-cpu</span> <span class="pre">rv64,x-h=true</span></code> enables the hypervisor extension for RV64.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="hardware-configuration-information"> <h2>Hardware configuration information<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-configuration-information" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine automatically generates a device tree blob (“dtb”) which it passes to the guest, if there is no <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-dtb</span></code> option. This provides information about the addresses, interrupt lines and other configuration of the various devices in the system. Guest software should discover the devices that are present in the generated DTB.</p> <p>If users want to provide their own DTB, they can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-dtb</span></code> option. These DTBs should have the following requirements:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The number of subnodes of the /cpus node should match QEMU’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-smp</span></code> option</li> <li>The /memory reg size should match QEMU’s selected ram_size via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-m</span></code></li> <li>Should contain a node for the CLINT device with a compatible string “riscv,clint0” if using with OpenSBI BIOS images</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="boot-options"> <h2>Boot options<a class="headerlink" href="#boot-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine can start using the standard -kernel functionality for loading a Linux kernel, a VxWorks kernel, an S-mode U-Boot bootloader with the default OpenSBI firmware image as the -bios. It also supports the recommended RISC-V bootflow: U-Boot SPL (M-mode) loads OpenSBI fw_dynamic firmware and U-Boot proper (S-mode), using the standard -bios functionality.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="machine-specific-options"> <h2>Machine-specific options<a class="headerlink" href="#machine-specific-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The following machine-specific options are supported:</p> <ul> <li><p class="first">aclint=[on|off]</p> <p>When this option is “on”, ACLINT devices will be emulated instead of SiFive CLINT. When not specified, this option is assumed to be “off”.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="running-linux-kernel"> <h2>Running Linux kernel<a class="headerlink" href="#running-linux-kernel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Linux mainline v5.12 release is tested at the time of writing. To build a Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine in 64-bit mode, simply configure the kernel using the defconfig configuration:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv $ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">CROSS_COMPILE</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv64-linux- $ make defconfig $ make </pre></div> </div> <p>To boot the newly built Linux kernel in QEMU with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp <span class="m">4</span> -m 2G <span class="se">\</span> -display none -serial stdio <span class="se">\</span> -kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image <span class="se">\</span> -initrd /path/to/rootfs.cpio <span class="se">\</span> -append <span class="s2">"root=/dev/ram"</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>To build a Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine in 32-bit mode, use the rv32_defconfig configuration. A patch is required to fix the 32-bit boot issue for Linux kernel v5.12.</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv $ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">CROSS_COMPILE</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv64-linux- $ curl https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-riscv/patch/20210627135117.28641-1-bmeng.cn@gmail.com/mbox/ > riscv.patch $ git am riscv.patch $ make rv32_defconfig $ make </pre></div> </div> <p>Replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv64</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv32</span></code> in the command line above to boot the 32-bit Linux kernel. A rootfs image containing 32-bit applications shall be used in order for kernel to boot to user space.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="running-u-boot"> <h2>Running U-Boot<a class="headerlink" href="#running-u-boot" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>U-Boot mainline v2021.04 release is tested at the time of writing. To build an S-mode U-Boot bootloader that can be booted by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virt</span></code> machine, use the qemu-riscv64_smode_defconfig with similar commands as described above for Linux:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">CROSS_COMPILE</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv64-linux- $ make qemu-riscv64_smode_defconfig </pre></div> </div> <p>Boot the 64-bit U-Boot S-mode image directly:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp <span class="m">4</span> -m 2G <span class="se">\</span> -display none -serial stdio <span class="se">\</span> -kernel /path/to/u-boot.bin </pre></div> </div> <p>To test booting U-Boot SPL which in M-mode, which in turn loads a FIT image that bundles OpenSBI fw_dynamic firmware and U-Boot proper (S-mode) together, build the U-Boot images using riscv64_spl_defconfig:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">CROSS_COMPILE</span><span class="o">=</span>riscv64-linux- $ <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">OPENSBI</span><span class="o">=</span>/path/to/opensbi-riscv64-generic-fw_dynamic.bin $ make qemu-riscv64_spl_defconfig </pre></div> </div> <p>The minimal QEMU commands to run U-Boot SPL are:</p> <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp <span class="m">4</span> -m 2G <span class="se">\</span> -display none -serial stdio <span class="se">\</span> -bios /path/to/u-boot-spl <span class="se">\</span> -device loader,file<span class="o">=</span>/path/to/u-boot.itb,addr<span class="o">=</span>0x80200000 </pre></div> </div> <p>To test 32-bit U-Boot images, switch to use qemu-riscv32_smode_defconfig and riscv32_spl_defconfig builds, and replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv64</span></code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qemu-system-riscv32</span></code> in the command lines above to boot the 32-bit U-Boot.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> <a href="../target-rx.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="RX System emulator" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> <a href="sifive_u.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="SiFive HiFive Unleashed (sifive_u)" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> </div> <hr/> <div role="contentinfo"> <p> © Copyright 2021, The QEMU Project Developers. </p> </div> Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/rtfd/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. <!-- Empty para to force a blank line after "Built with Sphinx ..." --> <p></p> <p>This documentation is for QEMU version 6.2.0.</p> <p><a href="../../about/license.html">QEMU and this manual are released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.</a></p> </footer> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT:'../../', VERSION:'qemu-kvm-6.2.0-53.module+el8.10.0+2055+8eb7870b.4', LANGUAGE:'None', COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt' }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/js/theme.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true); }); </script> </body> </html>