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<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>‘microvm’ virtual platform (microvm) — QEMU qemu-kvm-6.2.0-53.module+el8.10.0+2055+8eb7870b.4 documentation</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../_static/qemu_32x32.png"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../search.html" /> <link rel="next" title="i440fx PC (pc-i440fx, pc)" href="pc.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="x86 System emulator" href="../target-i386.html" /> <script src="../../_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="wy-body-for-nav"> <div class="wy-grid-for-nav"> <nav 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<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../target-i386.html#os-requirements">OS requirements</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../target-xtensa.html">Xtensa System emulator</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../security.html">Security</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../multi-process.html">Multi-process QEMU</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../user/index.html">User Mode Emulation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../tools/index.html">Tools</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../interop/index.html">System Emulation Management and Interoperability</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../specs/index.html">System Emulation Guest Hardware Specifications</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../../devel/index.html">Developer Information</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> <nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="top navigation"> <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> <a href="../../index.html">QEMU</a> </nav> <div class="wy-nav-content"> <div class="rst-content"> <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="../../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> <li><a href="../index.html">System Emulation</a> »</li> <li><a href="../targets.html">QEMU System Emulator Targets</a> »</li> <li><a href="../target-i386.html">x86 System emulator</a> »</li> <li>‘microvm’ virtual platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microvm</span></code>)</li> <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> <a href="https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/blob/master/docs/system/i386/microvm.rst" class="fa fa-gitlab"> Edit on GitLab</a> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> <div class="section" id="microvm-virtual-platform-microvm"> <h1>‘microvm’ virtual platform (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microvm</span></code>)<a class="headerlink" href="#microvm-virtual-platform-microvm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">microvm</span></code> is a machine type inspired by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Firecracker</span></code> and constructed after its machine model.</p> <p>It’s a minimalist machine type without <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PCI</span></code> nor <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACPI</span></code> support, designed for short-lived guests. microvm also establishes a baseline for benchmarking and optimizing both QEMU and guest operating systems, since it is optimized for both boot time and footprint.</p> <div class="section" id="supported-devices"> <h2>Supported devices<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-devices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The microvm machine type supports the following devices:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>ISA bus</li> <li>i8259 PIC (optional)</li> <li>i8254 PIT (optional)</li> <li>MC146818 RTC (optional)</li> <li>One ISA serial port (optional)</li> <li>LAPIC</li> <li>IOAPIC (with kernel-irqchip=split by default)</li> <li>kvmclock (if using KVM)</li> <li>fw_cfg</li> <li>Up to eight virtio-mmio devices (configured by the user)</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="limitations"> <h2>Limitations<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Currently, microvm does <em>not</em> support the following features:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>PCI-only devices.</li> <li>Hotplug of any kind.</li> <li>Live migration across QEMU versions.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="using-the-microvm-machine-type"> <h2>Using the microvm machine type<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-microvm-machine-type" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <div class="section" id="machine-specific-options"> <h3>Machine-specific options<a class="headerlink" href="#machine-specific-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>It supports the following machine-specific options:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>microvm.x-option-roms=bool (Set off to disable loading option ROMs)</li> <li>microvm.pit=OnOffAuto (Enable i8254 PIT)</li> <li>microvm.isa-serial=bool (Set off to disable the instantiation an ISA serial port)</li> <li>microvm.pic=OnOffAuto (Enable i8259 PIC)</li> <li>microvm.rtc=OnOffAuto (Enable MC146818 RTC)</li> <li>microvm.auto-kernel-cmdline=bool (Set off to disable adding virtio-mmio devices to the kernel cmdline)</li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="boot-options"> <h3>Boot options<a class="headerlink" href="#boot-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>By default, microvm uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">qboot</span></code> as its BIOS, to obtain better boot times, but it’s also compatible with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SeaBIOS</span></code>.</p> <p>As no current FW is able to boot from a block device using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">virtio-mmio</span></code> as its transport, a microvm-based VM needs to be run using a host-side kernel and, optionally, an initrd image.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="running-a-microvm-based-vm"> <h3>Running a microvm-based VM<a class="headerlink" href="#running-a-microvm-based-vm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>By default, microvm aims for maximum compatibility, enabling both legacy and non-legacy devices. In this example, a VM is created without passing any additional machine-specific option, using the legacy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ISA</span> <span class="pre">serial</span></code> device as console:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ qemu-system-x86_64 -M microvm \ -enable-kvm -cpu host -m 512m -smp 2 \ -kernel vmlinux -append "earlyprintk=ttyS0 console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda" \ -nodefaults -no-user-config -nographic \ -serial stdio \ -drive id=test,file=test.img,format=raw,if=none \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=test \ -netdev tap,id=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \ -device virtio-net-device,netdev=tap0 </pre></div> </div> <p>While the example above works, you might be interested in reducing the footprint further by disabling some legacy devices. If you’re using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KVM</span></code>, you can disable the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RTC</span></code>, making the Guest rely on <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kvmclock</span></code> exclusively. Additionally, if your host’s CPUs have the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TSC_DEADLINE</span></code> feature, you can also disable both the i8259 PIC and the i8254 PIT (make sure you’re also emulating a CPU with such feature in the guest).</p> <p>This is an example of a VM with all optional legacy features disabled:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ qemu-system-x86_64 \ -M microvm,x-option-roms=off,pit=off,pic=off,isa-serial=off,rtc=off \ -enable-kvm -cpu host -m 512m -smp 2 \ -kernel vmlinux -append "console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda" \ -nodefaults -no-user-config -nographic \ -chardev stdio,id=virtiocon0 \ -device virtio-serial-device \ -device virtconsole,chardev=virtiocon0 \ -drive id=test,file=test.img,format=raw,if=none \ -device virtio-blk-device,drive=test \ -netdev tap,id=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \ -device virtio-net-device,netdev=tap0 </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="triggering-a-guest-initiated-shut-down"> <h3>Triggering a guest-initiated shut down<a class="headerlink" href="#triggering-a-guest-initiated-shut-down" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>As the microvm machine type includes just a small set of system devices, some x86 mechanisms for rebooting or shutting down the system, like sending a key sequence to the keyboard or writing to an ACPI register, doesn’t have any effect in the VM.</p> <p>The recommended way to trigger a guest-initiated shut down is by generating a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">triple-fault</span></code>, which will cause the VM to initiate a reboot. Additionally, if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-no-reboot</span></code> argument is present in the command line, QEMU will detect this event and terminate its own execution gracefully.</p> <p>Linux does support this mechanism, but by default will only be used after other options have been tried and failed, causing the reboot to be delayed by a small number of seconds. It’s possible to instruct it to try the triple-fault mechanism first, by adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reboot=t</span></code> to the kernel’s command line.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> <a href="pc.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="i440fx PC (pc-i440fx, pc)" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> <a href="../target-i386.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="x86 System emulator" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> </div> <hr/> <div role="contentinfo"> <p> © Copyright 2021, The QEMU Project Developers. </p> </div> Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/rtfd/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. <!-- Empty para to force a blank line after "Built with Sphinx ..." --> <p></p> <p>This documentation is for QEMU version 6.2.0.</p> <p><a href="../../about/license.html">QEMU and this manual are released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.</a></p> </footer> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT:'../../', VERSION:'qemu-kvm-6.2.0-53.module+el8.10.0+2055+8eb7870b.4', LANGUAGE:'None', COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', HAS_SOURCE: false, SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt' }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../../_static/js/theme.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function () { SphinxRtdTheme.Navigation.enable(true); }); </script> </body> </html>