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<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>The virtual channel subsystem — QEMU qemu-kvm-6.2.0-53.module+el8.10.0+2055+8eb7870b.4 documentation</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../_static/qemu_32x32.png"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../../search.html" /> <link rel="next" title="3270 devices" href="3270.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Adjunct Processor (AP) Device" href="vfio-ap.html" /> <script src="../../_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> </head> <body class="wy-body-for-nav"> <div class="wy-grid-for-nav"> <nav 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data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> <nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="top navigation"> <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> <a href="../../index.html">QEMU</a> </nav> <div class="wy-nav-content"> <div class="rst-content"> <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> <li><a href="../../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> <li><a href="../index.html">System Emulation</a> »</li> <li><a href="../targets.html">QEMU System Emulator Targets</a> »</li> <li><a href="../target-s390x.html">s390x System emulator</a> »</li> <li>The virtual channel subsystem</li> <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> <a href="https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/blob/master/docs/system/s390x/css.rst" class="fa fa-gitlab"> Edit on GitLab</a> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> <div itemprop="articleBody"> <div class="section" id="the-virtual-channel-subsystem"> <h1>The virtual channel subsystem<a class="headerlink" href="#the-virtual-channel-subsystem" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>QEMU implements a virtual channel subsystem with subchannels, (mostly functionless) channel paths, and channel devices (virtio-ccw, 3270, and devices passed via vfio-ccw). It supports multiple subchannel sets (MSS) and multiple channel subsystems extended (MCSS-E).</p> <p>All channel devices support the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">devno</span></code> property, which takes a parameter in the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><cssid>.<ssid>.<device</span> <span class="pre">number></span></code>.</p> <p>The default channel subsystem image id (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><cssid></span></code>) is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0xfe</span></code>. Devices in there will show up in channel subsystem image <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> to guests that do not enable MCSS-E. Note that devices with a different cssid will not be visible if the guest OS does not enable MCSS-E (which is true for all supported guest operating systems today).</p> <p>Supported values for the subchannel set id (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><ssid></span></code>) range from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0-3</span></code>. Devices with a ssid that is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> will not be visible if the guest OS does not enable MSS (any Linux version that supports virtio also enables MSS). Any device may be put into any subchannel set, there is no restriction by device type.</p> <p>The device number can range from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0-0xffff</span></code>.</p> <p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">devno</span></code> property is not specified for a device, QEMU will choose the next free device number in subchannel set 0, skipping to the next subchannel set if no more device numbers are free.</p> <p>QEMU places a device at the first free subchannel in the specified subchannel set. If a device is hotunplugged and later replugged, it may appear at a different subchannel. (This is similar to how z/VM works.)</p> <div class="section" id="examples"> <h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <ul> <li><p class="first">a virtio-net device, cssid/ssid/devno automatically assigned:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>In a Linux guest (without default devices and no other devices specified prior to this one), this will show up as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0000</span></code> under subchannel <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0000</span></code>.</p> <p>The auto-assigned-properties in QEMU (as seen via e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info</span> <span class="pre">qtree</span></code>) would be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.0.0000"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subch_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.0.0000"</span></code>.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">a virtio-rng device in subchannel set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">rng</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">devno</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fe</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.0042</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If added to the same Linux guest as above, it would show up as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0042</span></code> under subchannel <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0001</span></code>.</p> <p>The properties for the device would be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.0.0042"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subch_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.0.0001"</span></code>.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">a virtio-gpu device in subchannel set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">gpu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">devno</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fe</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">2.1111</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If added to the same Linux guest as above, it would show up as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.2.1111</span></code> under subchannel <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.2.0000</span></code>.</p> <p>The properties for the device would be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.2.1111"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subch_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"fe.2.0000"</span></code>.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">a virtio-mouse device in a non-standard channel subsystem image:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">mouse</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">devno</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2222</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This would not show up in a standard Linux guest.</p> <p>The properties for the device would be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"2.0.2222"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subch_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"2.0.0000"</span></code>.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">a virtio-keyboard device in another non-standard channel subsystem image:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="n">virtio</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">keyboard</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">ccw</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">devno</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">1234</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This would not show up in a standard Linux guest, either, as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is not the standard channel subsystem image id.</p> <p>The properties for the device would be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dev_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"0.0.1234"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subch_id</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">"0.0.0000"</span></code>.</p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> <a href="3270.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" 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