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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>topSort -- topologically sort the vertices of a digraph</title> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/doc.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/katex.min.css"> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/katex.min.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/auto-render.min.js"></script> <script> var macros = { "\\break": "\\\\", "\\ZZ": "\\mathbb{Z}", "\\NN": "\\mathbb{N}", "\\QQ": "\\mathbb{Q}", "\\RR": "\\mathbb{R}", "\\CC": "\\mathbb{C}", "\\PP": "\\mathbb{P}" }, delimiters = [ { left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true}, { left: "\\[", right: "\\]", display: true}, { left: "$", right: "$", display: false}, { left: "\\(", right: "\\)", display: false} ], ignoredTags = [ "kbd", "var", "samp", "script", "noscript", "style", "textarea", "pre", "code", "option" ]; document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { renderMathInElement(document.body, { delimiters: delimiters, macros: macros, ignoredTags: ignoredTags, trust: true }); }); </script> <style>.katex { font-size: 1em; }</style> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/copy-tex.min.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/render-a11y-string.min.js"></script> <script src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/prism.js"></script> <script>var current_version = '1.25.06';</script> <script src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/version-select.js"></script> <link type="image/x-icon" rel="icon" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/icon.gif"> </head> <body> <div id="buttons"> <div> <a href="https://macaulay2.com/">Macaulay2</a> <span id="version-select-container"></span> » <a title="Macaulay2 documentation" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/index.html">Documentation </a> <br><a href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/_packages_spprovided_spwith_sp__Macaulay2.html">Packages</a> » <span><a title="graphs and digraphs" href="index.html">Graphs</a> :: <a title="topologically sort the vertices of a digraph" href="_top__Sort.html">topSort</a></span> </div> <div class="right"> <form method="get" action="https://www.google.com/search"> <input placeholder="Search" type="text" name="q" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="q" value="site:macaulay2.com/doc"> </form> <a href="_underlying__Graph.html">next</a> | <a href="_topological__Sort.html">previous</a> | <a href="_underlying__Graph.html">forward</a> | <a href="_topological__Sort.html">backward</a> | up | <a href="master.html">index</a> | <a href="toc.html">toc</a> </div> </div> <hr> <div> <h1>topSort -- topologically sort the vertices of a digraph</h1> <ul> <li> <dl class="element"> <dt>Usage: </dt> <dd><code class="language-macaulay2">topSort(D)</code></dd> <dd><code class="language-macaulay2">topSort(D,S)</code></dd> </dl> </li> <li>Inputs: <ul> <li><span><span class="tt">D</span>, <span>a <a href="___Digraph.html">digraph</a></span>, </span></li> <li><span><span class="tt">S</span>, <span>a <a title="the class of all strings" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___String.html">string</a></span>, </span></li> </ul> </li> <li>Outputs: <ul> <li><span><span>a <a title="the class of all hash tables" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Hash__Table.html">hash table</a></span>, </span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> <h2>Description</h2> <div> <p>This method outputs a HashTable with keys digraph, map and newDigraph, where digraph is the original digraph, map is the relation between old ordering and the new ordering of vertices and newDigraph is the Digraph with topologically sorted vertices. This method needs the input to be directed acyclic graph (DAG). S provides the preference given to the vertices in order to break ties and provide unique topological sorting to the DAG.</p> <p>Permissible values of S are: "random", "max", "min", "degree".</p> <p>S = "random" randomly sort the vertices of graph which have same precedence at any instance of the algorithm to break the ties.</p> <p>S = "min" sort the vertices according to their indices (from low to high) to break the ties.</p> <p>S = "max" sort the vertices according to their indices (from high to low) to break the ties.</p> <p>S = "degree" sort the vertices according to their degree (from low to high) to break the ties.</p> <p></p> </div> <table class="examples"> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i1 : G = digraph{{5,2},{5,0},{4,0},{4,1},{2,3},{3,1}} o1 = Digraph{0 => {} } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} o1 : Digraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i2 : H = topSort G o2 = SortedDigraph{digraph => Digraph{0 => {} } } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} map => HashTable{0 => 4} 1 => 6 2 => 3 3 => 5 4 => 2 5 => 1 newDigraph => Digraph{1 => {3, 4}} 2 => {4, 6} 3 => {5} 4 => {} 5 => {6} 6 => {} o2 : SortedDigraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i3 : H#digraph o3 = Digraph{0 => {} } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} o3 : Digraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i4 : H#map o4 = HashTable{0 => 4} 1 => 6 2 => 3 3 => 5 4 => 2 5 => 1 o4 : HashTable</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i5 : topSort(G,"min") o5 = SortedDigraph{digraph => Digraph{0 => {} } } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} map => HashTable{0 => 3} 1 => 6 2 => 4 3 => 5 4 => 1 5 => 2 newDigraph => Digraph{1 => {3, 6}} 2 => {3, 4} 3 => {} 4 => {5} 5 => {6} 6 => {} o5 : SortedDigraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i6 : topSort(G,"max") o6 = SortedDigraph{digraph => Digraph{0 => {} } } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} map => HashTable{0 => 6} 1 => 5 2 => 3 3 => 4 4 => 2 5 => 1 newDigraph => Digraph{1 => {3, 6}} 2 => {5, 6} 3 => {4} 4 => {5} 5 => {} 6 => {} o6 : SortedDigraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i7 : topSort(G,"random") o7 = SortedDigraph{digraph => Digraph{0 => {} } } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} map => HashTable{0 => 5} 1 => 6 2 => 2 3 => 4 4 => 3 5 => 1 newDigraph => Digraph{1 => {2, 5}} 2 => {4} 3 => {5, 6} 4 => {6} 5 => {} 6 => {} o7 : SortedDigraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i8 : topSort(G,"degree") o8 = SortedDigraph{digraph => Digraph{0 => {} } } 1 => {} 2 => {3} 3 => {1} 4 => {0, 1} 5 => {2, 0} map => HashTable{0 => 3} 1 => 6 2 => 4 3 => 5 4 => 1 5 => 2 newDigraph => Digraph{1 => {3, 6}} 2 => {3, 4} 3 => {} 4 => {5} 5 => {6} 6 => {} o8 : SortedDigraph</code></pre> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h2>See also</h2> <ul> <li><span><a title="outputs a list of vertices in a topologically sorted order of a DAG." href="_topological__Sort.html">topologicalSort</a> -- outputs a list of vertices in a topologically sorted order of a DAG.</span></li> <li><span><a title="hashtable used in topSort" href="___Sorted__Digraph.html">SortedDigraph</a> -- hashtable used in topSort</span></li> <li><span><a title="key used in the output of topSort" href="_new__Digraph.html">newDigraph</a> -- key used in the output of topSort</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <div class="waystouse"> <h2>Ways to use <span class="tt">topSort</span>:</h2> <ul> <li><kbd>topSort(Digraph)</kbd></li> <li><kbd>topSort(Digraph,String)</kbd></li> </ul> </div> <div class="waystouse"> <h2>For the programmer</h2> <p>The object <a title="topologically sort the vertices of a digraph" href="_top__Sort.html">topSort</a> is <span>a <a title="a type of method function" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Method__Function.html">method function</a></span>.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="waystouse"> <p>The source of this document is in <span class="tt">Graphs.m2:5336:0</span>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
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