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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title>gkz -- create the A-hypergeometric system of Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky (GKZ)</title> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/doc.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/katex.min.css"> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/katex.min.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/auto-render.min.js"></script> <script> var macros = { "\\break": "\\\\", "\\ZZ": "\\mathbb{Z}", "\\NN": "\\mathbb{N}", "\\QQ": "\\mathbb{Q}", "\\RR": "\\mathbb{R}", "\\CC": "\\mathbb{C}", "\\PP": "\\mathbb{P}" }, delimiters = [ { left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true}, { left: "\\[", right: "\\]", display: true}, { left: "$", right: "$", display: false}, { left: "\\(", right: "\\)", display: false} ], ignoredTags = [ "kbd", "var", "samp", "script", "noscript", "style", "textarea", "pre", "code", "option" ]; document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { renderMathInElement(document.body, { delimiters: delimiters, macros: macros, ignoredTags: ignoredTags, trust: true }); }); </script> <style>.katex { font-size: 1em; }</style> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/copy-tex.min.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/katex/contrib/render-a11y-string.min.js"></script> <script src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/prism.js"></script> <script>var current_version = '1.25.06';</script> <script src="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/version-select.js"></script> <link type="image/x-icon" rel="icon" href="../../../../Macaulay2/Style/icon.gif"> </head> <body> <div id="buttons"> <div> <a href="https://macaulay2.com/">Macaulay2</a> <span id="version-select-container"></span> » <a title="Macaulay2 documentation" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/index.html">Documentation </a> <br><a href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/_packages_spprovided_spwith_sp__Macaulay2.html">Packages</a> » <span><a title="Examples of Holonomic D-modules" href="index.html">HolonomicSystems</a> » <a title="create the A-hypergeometric system of Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky (GKZ)" href="_gkz.html">gkz</a></span> </div> <div class="right"> <form method="get" action="https://www.google.com/search"> <input placeholder="Search" type="text" name="q" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="q" value="site:macaulay2.com/doc"> </form> <a href="_euler__Operators.html">next</a> | previous | <a href="_euler__Operators.html">forward</a> | <a href="index.html">backward</a> | <a href="index.html">up</a> | <a href="master.html">index</a> | <a href="toc.html">toc</a> </div> </div> <hr> <div> <h1>gkz -- create the A-hypergeometric system of Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky (GKZ)</h1> <ul> <li> <dl class="element"> <dt>Usage: </dt> <dd><code class="language-macaulay2">gkz(A,b)</code></dd> <dd><code class="language-macaulay2">gkz(A,b,D)</code></dd> </dl> </li> <li>Inputs: <ul> <li><span><span class="tt">A</span>, <span>a <a title="the class of all matrices" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Matrix.html">matrix</a></span>, </span></li> <li><span><span class="tt">b</span>, <span>a <a title="the class of all lists -- {...}" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___List.html">list</a></span>, parameter vector; </span></li> <li><span><span class="tt">D</span>, <span>a <a title="the class of all ordered monoid rings" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Polynomial__Ring.html">polynomial ring</a></span>, a Weyl algebra; </span></li> </ul> </li> <li>Outputs: <ul> <li><span><span>an <a title="the class of all ideals" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Ideal.html">ideal</a></span>, the GKZ hypergeometric system associated to the matrix $A$ and the parameter vector $b$ in the Weyl algebra $D$</span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> <h2>Description</h2> <div> <p>The GKZ hypergeometric system of PDE's associated to a $d \times n$ integer matrix A is an ideal in the Weyl algebra $D_n$ over $\mathbb{C}$ with generators $x_1,\dots,x_n$ and $\partial_1,\dots,\partial_n$. It consists of the toric ideal $I_A$ in the polynomial subring $\mathbb{C}[\partial_1,...,\partial_n]$ and Euler relations given by the entries of the vector (A $\theta$ - b), where $\theta$ is the vector $(\theta_1,...,\theta_n)^t$, and $\theta_i = x_i \partial_i$. A field of characteristic zero may be used instead of $\mathbb{C}$. For more details, see [<a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/pdf/1734566.pdf">SST</a>, Chapters 3 and 4].</p> </div> <table class="examples"> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i1 : A = matrix{{1,1,1},{0,1,2}} o1 = | 1 1 1 | | 0 1 2 | 2 3 o1 : Matrix ZZ <-- ZZ</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i2 : b = {3,4} o2 = {3, 4} o2 : List</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i3 : I = gkz (A,b) 2 o3 = ideal (x D + x D + x D - 3, x D + 2x D - 4, - D + D D ) 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 3 o3 : Ideal of QQ[x ..x , D ..D ] 1 3 1 3</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i4 : describe ring I o4 = QQ[x ..x , D ..D , Degrees => {6:1}, Heft => {1}, WeylAlgebra => {{x , D }, {x , D }, {x , D }}] 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 3</code></pre> </td> </tr> </table> <div> <p>The ambient Weyl algebra can be determined as an input.</p> </div> <table class="examples"> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i5 : D = makeWA(QQ[x_1..x_3]) o5 = D o5 : PolynomialRing, 3 differential variable(s)</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i6 : gkz(A,b,D) 2 o6 = ideal (x dx + x dx + x dx - 3, x dx + 2x dx - 4, - dx + dx dx ) 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 3 o6 : Ideal of D</code></pre> </td> </tr> </table> <div> <p>One may separately produce the toric ideal and the Euler operators.</p> </div> <table class="examples"> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i7 : toricIdealPartials(A,D) 2 o7 = ideal(- dx + dx dx ) 2 1 3 o7 : Ideal of QQ[dx ..dx ] 1 3</code></pre> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <pre><code class="language-macaulay2">i8 : eulerOperators(A,b,D) o8 = {x dx + x dx + x dx - 3, x dx + 2x dx - 4} 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 o8 : List</code></pre> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <h2>Caveat</h2> <div> <p>gkz(A,b) always returns a different ring and will use variables x_1,...,x_n, D_1,...D_n.</p> </div> </div> <div> <h2>See also</h2> <ul> <li><span><a title="Appell F1 system of PDE's" href="___Appell__F1.html">AppellF1</a> -- Appell F1 system of PDE's</span></li> </ul> </div> <div> <div class="waystouse"> <h2>Ways to use <span class="tt">gkz</span>:</h2> <ul> <li><kbd>gkz(Matrix,List)</kbd></li> <li><kbd>gkz(Matrix,List,PolynomialRing)</kbd></li> </ul> </div> <div class="waystouse"> <h2>For the programmer</h2> <p>The object <a title="create the A-hypergeometric system of Gelfand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky (GKZ)" href="_gkz.html">gkz</a> is <span>a <a title="a type of method function" href="../../Macaulay2Doc/html/___Method__Function.html">method function</a></span>.</p> </div> <hr> <div class="waystouse"> <p>The source of this document is in <span class="tt">HolonomicSystems/DOC/Dsystems.m2:77:0</span>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
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